Wednesday, 14 May 2014

Roadways Railways Airways and Waterways in Assam




Introduction:
Assam is very much under-developed in its transportation and communication and people still suffer from the lack of these facilities. Though the state govt. has given much emphasis to develop this sector in various Five Years Plans, it has not achieved the required growth yet in spite of its tremendous demand.

Road Transport
Road transport is the most important transport system in Assam and it bears the main responsibility of providing means of efficient transport facilities to the people of the state. Since the other transport systems like railways, airways etc. are not available in every corner of the state; the road is the only means of transportation of goods from one place to another.
Due to the physical condition of the state, the construction of road in Assam is a costly affair. Due to the heavy rainfall and flood the cost of constructing roads in Assam is very much expensive. On the other hand, because of the availability of too much rivers in the state, most of the fund is spent in construction of bridges, culverts etc.
In Assam, both public and private sector provide road transport services. The Assam State Transport Corporation was the govt. undertaking service provider. The private based transport agencies have been expanding day by day.
Assam is connected with 12 National Highways which are connecting all the important places of the state. Among them, the NH-37 is the longest.

Railway Transport
With the formation of Assam Railway and Trading Company in 1981, railway was introduced in India. Dr. John Berry White was the leader of Railway movement in Assam. The first railway line in Assam was Dibrugarh- Streamght to Jaipur- Road which was inaugurated in 1882.
Most important achievement in railway transport of the state took place since the Third Year plan. During that time railway bridge was constructed over the Brahmaputra.  Conversion of Meter Gauze lines into Broad Gauze and expansion of railway lines to different corners of the state were the most recognizable things during that time.
Now–a-day many passenger trains, inter-city trains run it the state. Apart from these the railway runs a number of inter-state trains linking Dibrugarh  and Guwahati with other important places of the country like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai etc. Thus the service of railway has a great importance in the economy of Assam. 

Waterways
Inland waterway is another important transport system in Assam. From the very beginning the inhabitants of Assam were conducting its trade with the neighboring states through the water transport. Understanding the difficulties of developing roads and railways, even the British authority in the early part of their rule, started to develop water transport in Assam. The East India Company started a streamer service in 1847.
Assam has a vast potential of inland water transport system. Out of the 13,500 kms. Of navigable waters in India, Assam commands over 4066 kms. This accounts for around one third of the total waterways. This unique position of state’s water transport is shared by the Brahmaputra and the Barak. There are also numerous tributaries of these two rivers.

Airways
There are six civil airports in the state, viz. Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (Guwahati), Saloni (Tejpur), Rowriah (Zorhat), Mohanbari (Dibrugarh), Lilabari (Lakhimimpur) and Kumbhiragram (Silchar). Air India, Vayudoot and private commercial airlines such as Sahara, Jet Airways etc. have been operating air services in the state connecting the state with other parts of the world.
Though the air transport in Assam is not an improved one, yet it is functioning a vital role as the quickest mode of transport in Assam.

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